The Relationship Between Locke And Rousseau On Human Nature

INTRODUCTION. This essay is aimed at discussing how human nature in Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau impact the way that the role and function of the state is viewed. Human Nature is referred to as the essential and immutable character of all human beings. Others may refer to it as the biological or genetic factor suggesting that there is an established and unchanging human core. It highlights what is innate and natural about human life, as opposed to what human beings have gained from education or through social experience. A social contract is an agreements made either among citizens or between citizens which gives rise to the State. When the social contract involves the mutual agreement between individuals in order to gain something from the†¦show more content†¦Hobbes believes that after human beings acquire the power they want, they begin to have other desires like fame, glory, sensual pleasure and admiration from others. Hobbes believed that humans live in a society of constant civil war - everyman against everyman He believed that humans were driven by non-rational appetites and, most important, instincts. Hobbes believed that all human beings were created equally. Hobbes imagined that every human was ready to kill a fellow human besides one being stronger than the other, the coward may be balanced by his intellect or some other personal characteristic. He believed that a motive for humans was to gain power, and when two or more humans come in conflict for the same thing, they became rivals and were ready to fight each other. He said that there were basic causes for war, competition, distrust and glory. In each case, humans used cruelty to conquer each other’s areas for their self-benefit, safety, or glory. He said that without a natural influence to bring people together, humans would be in a war of every man against every man provided the appetite to fight is known. He believed that conflict was the natural state of human beings and that peace was fabricated because it only existent based on beneficial mutual consensus agreements. If a group of people felt like wise interests, they would unite to form a stronger power in order to demol ish people with opposite

United States Loss to Vietnam Essays - 1033 Words

United States Loss to Vietnam There were many reasons for the USAs loss in the Vietnam War. There is no singular reason for the USAs loss; instead there are many, and each of these contributes to the end result. Some historians believe that the USA didnt lose the war at all. The USA first invaded Vietnam on the 8th March 1965, with the first 3,500 US marines landing on Vietnam soil, this seemingly small amount of troops would mass to 525,000 in 1967. America first involved themselves in Vietnam because of the Policy of Containment in this policy it made it clear that the USA was to stop the spreading of communism. The Domino theory was also a persuasive element. It suggested in the Domino†¦show more content†¦The Search-and-destroy operations undertaken by the US meant that many innocent civilians were killed which also helped to increase the un-popularity of the South Vietnam regime. Many of the Vietcong hid in villages and the US troops didnt know civilian from VC You never knew who was the enemy an d who was the friend. They all looked alike. They all dressed alike. They were all Vietnamese. Some of them were Vietcong. - Source F. An Extreme example of this is the My Lai Massacre We were firing before we hit the ground, we fired into the huts all we could. Then we burned the huts - Source H. Bombing usually had the opposite effect to what the US desired. The Intense bombing campaign, Operation Rolling Thunder, was mainly directed at the jungle to stop the Vietcong gaining routes to the South through the Ho Chi Min trail. This was largely in effective and until the introduction of chemical weapons. Even the chemical weapons meant the US were not gaining favor as the chemicals they used often meant long-term damage to the communities and also with other chemicals (mainly napalm) serious injury. Diem made himself un-popular in many ways towards the population. Diem made a corrupt government putting many Roman Catholics in power although they were a small majority ofShow MoreRelatedThe Vietnam War : A Great Loss For The United States1696 Words   |  7 PagesConsidered a great loss for the United States, the Vietnam War claimed thousands of U.S. lives. Throughout the power struggles, warfare, and lost lives, Francis â€Å"Frank† Horsting unloaded supply ships on the beaches of Vietnam. Drafted at the age of twenty, Frank traveled to Fort Knox in Kentucky before he set off for Vietnam. Along the way he sent a gift to his wife, Rebecca; this gift, a twelve-piece set of Noritake brand china, will forevermore hold a spot in Frank Horsting’s family as it tricklesRead MoreThe Vietnam War Was A Great Loss For The United States2250 Words   |  9 Pageswars in which many lives have been lost and a huge impact has been made upon the United States of America. The Vie tnam War was a great loss for the United States and many times it is also called The Resistance War against America. This war was fought between North Vietnam which fought alongside the Soviet Union, China and other communist groups and the government of South Vietnam who fought alongside the United States and other anti-communist nations and groups. The Viet Cong were also known as theRead MoreThe Vietnam War1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the Vietnam War, was to end the awful spread of communism. As Ho Chi Minh (North Vietnam’s communist president) fought to which spread North Vietnam’s political uses to Southern Vietnam. With this, the American Military Advisors sought to believe that a fall of Southern Vietnam to communist hands, would then lead to a total takeover of neighboring nations to fall under communism. The effect of the neighboring nations falling, was known as the â€Å"Domino Effect†. It all began when TheRead MoreThe Vietnam War On South Vietnam1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vietnam War started on the first day of November in 1955. The main opponents were the United States and South Vietnam against North Vietnam and the Vietcong. The Americans wanted to contain communism in fear of it spreading to other countries while the North Vietnamese wanted to unite both parts of Vietnam. At f irst, the Americans only trained South Vietnamese troops to do all of the fighting while the North Vietnamese employed the Vietcong to help their military take over South Vietnam. DespiteRead MoreWhy Did the United States Lose in Vietnam? Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States intervention in Vietnam is seen by the world as America’s greatest loss and longest war. Before the start of the war in Vietnam, the thought of the United States losing this war was unheard of because America was technologically superior, no country in south East Asia could contend with them. Lyndon B. Johnson announced that he would not be the president to allow South East Asia to go Communist . Why the United States lost the war has been a huge debate since the end of the warRead MoreWhy Did The United States Lose The War Of Vietnam? Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesdid the United States lose the war in Vietnam? Could the US have won? Before the Vietnam War, the United States had never lost a war. The military of the United States had grown to be one of the largest in the world. The post WWII boom boosted America’s economy to be the largest in the world, occupying 38.6% of the world GDP in the 1960 . Yet with all of its military and economic might, the United States could not defeat an insurgency seeking control of a third world country. The United States didn’tRead MoreThe Vietnam War And The Soviet Union1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War During the Vietnam War, United States involvement was for personal reasons and fear of communism. Neither the United States or the Soviet Union should have been involved. The War was just used as a cover up for the actual silent, passive aggressive war between the United States and the Soviet. The Vietnam war was started by the North â€Å"Viet Cong† and their desire to unify Vietnam under communist rule. The South was against communism, making tensions grow until eventually, a war brokeRead MoreUs Foreign Policy Essay865 Words   |  4 Pageseffective is because America has committed itself to supporting alliances that have not proven to be mutually beneficial. Foreign assistance, which is supposed to improve the well-being of recipient countries, goes directly to small coalitions. The United States, with the fear of losing its position on the global stage, has committed itself to the conundrum of regime change which often produces little result. Countries receiving foreign aid and military assistance have no incentives to build an effectiveRead MoreVietnam And The Vietnam War1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War was probably one the most infamous war in the history of the United States. Vietnam was divided into North and South Vietnam as a result of the Indochina War. North Vietnam belonged to the Communists and its allies after World War II and South Vietnam belonged to the anti-Communist supporters and their allies (the U.S was one of South Vietnam’s allies). It all started as an effort by America to keep South Vietnam away from Communism. Americans feared that if South Vietnam adaptedRead More How Can They Succeed?1034 Words   |  5 Pagesis behind him.† In the Vietnam War, many official soldiers and civilians took part in the combat. It started from December 1956 to 1975, nearly 20 years, in Vietnam. The Vietnam War was a war between North Vietnam and government of South Vietnam that United States participated and supported. It was a highlight in Vietnamese history and United States history also which was recorded, commented, discussed, debated in many books, journals and articles. In the South of Vietnam, there was a political organization

Colorado and Its Energy Sources free essay sample

I am lucky enough to live in the beautiful state of Colorado. Colorado has an extensive supply of conventional fossil fuel and renewable energy resources. Per EIA (Energy Information Administration) 2009, The State contains several fossil fuel-rich basins, including the Sand Walsh, Eyepiece, Paradox, and San Juan basins in the west, and the Denver and Orator basins in the east. Ten of the Nations 100 largest natural gas fields and three of its 100 largest oil fields are found in Colorado. Substantial deposits of bituminous, sub bituminous, and lignite coal are also found in the State. In the house that I live in Thornton Colorado, our primary types of energy are electricity, natural gas as well as a pellet-burning stove for the winter. Electricity is the foundation of the energy usage in Thornton. Per EIA, Coal- and natural gas-fired power plants dominate electricity generation in Colorado. Coal-fired plants account for over seven-tenths of the States generation and natural gas-fired plants account for close to one-fourth. We will write a custom essay sample on Colorado and Its Energy Sources or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Colorado produces coal from both underground and surface mines, primarily in its western basins, and large quantities of coal are shipped into and out of the State by rail. Colorado uses about one-fourth of its coal output and transports the remainder to markets throughout the United States. Colorado also brings in coal, primarily from Wyoming, to supplement local production. The earliest coalmine, The Denver Basin Orator Basin coalmine is inactive but Colorado does have 11 active mines. Most of them are located in western Colorado and per CAM (Coal Mining Association), The Total Value of Coal Produced in Colorado in 2011 is estimated to be $1. 1 Billion. While the monies these coalmines produce are a huge factor in Colorado economy the damage on the environment, Hess mines produce, are they worth the environmental damage in the end? I agree Barbara Frees when she states, The mundane mineral that built our global economy and even today powers our electrical plants has also caused death, disease, and environmental destruction. Per The World Coal Association, Coal mining, particularly surface mining requires large areas of land to be temporarily disturbed. This raises a number of environmental challenges, including soil erosion, dust, noise and water pollution, and impacts on local biodiversity. Not only is the current coal mining industry endangering the environment in Colorado the abandoned mines are destroying the environment as well. It is a known fact that coal production requires large quantities of water. Colorado has an abundance of lakes and streams but coal mining affects the natural marine and land-based wildlife. Not to mention the people who use these water resources. Coal mining can lead to heavy metals like lead and arsenic entering these precious water recourses. Even though there has not been a resent case, in Colorado, of arsenic or lead poisoning, from coalmines, They can produce enough contamination o causes a rapid and unique destruction of red blood cells and may result in kidney failure, which is uniformly fatal without proper therapy. Most cases of arsine poisoning have occurred with the use of acids and crude metals of which one or both contained arsenic as an impurity. Per the EPA (2011) The coalmines in Colorado also contribute to the air pollution crisis . Per Learner (2013), The process of burning coal for energy produces greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants, including carbon dioxide, mercury compounds, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Per unit of electricity, coal produces more pollution than any other eel source, according to the U. S. Environmental Protection A gency. In addition, all steps of coal energy production mining, transportation and cleaning produce greenhouse gas emissions. Coal contains methane, a combustible and potent greenhouse gas. Methanes global warming potential is 23 times greater than carbon dioxide. For safety reasons, methane vents into the atmosphere during coal processing. Denver, the capital of Colorado, has been notorious for its winter Brown Cloud starting in the sasss. The Brown Cloud was formed due to a combination of carbon dioxide, mercury compounds as well as other pollution sources. Per Colorado Air Pollution Control Division, 2008 National Emissions Inventory estimates that 50 percent of CO emissions are from highway vehicle sources. They also estimate that off highway sources contribute an additional 23 percent of emissions. Denver is located at the foot of the Rocky Mountains and Steve Spangles (2011) states, this location makes it prone to temperature inversions in which warm air traps cooler air near the ground, preventing pollutants from rising into the atmosphere. Thus the Brown Cloud formed. The city of Thornton is located 10 miles north of Denver. Thornton has shared in this horrible air quality called Brown Cloud. But the good news is coming from Alpine/Environs report for Colorado 2011, Colorado coal- fueled power plants have reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides by 30 percent since 1999, compared with an average 8 percent reduction for all other sources. Coal- based electric generation accounted for 9 percent of the Colorado total ozone- related emissions in 2011. The Alpine Geophysics/Environ report also documents the significant reductions since 1999 in emissions contributing to fine particulates sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (Voss) and direct PM emissions. Colorado coal-based electric utilities have reduced these PM-related emissions by 43 percent since 1999, the largest reduction among all major source categories. Per Colorado Mining (2013), Steps are taken in modern mining operations to minimize impacts on all aspects of the environment. By carefully pre-planning projects, implementing pollution control measures, monitoring the effects of mining and rehabilitating mined areas, the coal industry minimizes the impact of its activities on the neighboring community, the immediate environment and on long- term land capability. I certainly hope this will come to fruition. These figures are staggering to me. My home usage of electricity last month for four people was 535 kilowatt hours used. Per The US Census (2010), there are 43,230 homes in Thornton. If the whole city used the same amount of electricity here is the calculation of the kilowatt hours the city would use in a year. 535 kilowatt hour x 12 months = 6,420 kilowatt hours per household a year 6,420 kilowatt hours per household x 12 months = 277,536,600 kilowatt hours are used per year in the City of Thornton. Natural gas is an extremely important source of my communitys energy. Per Natural Gas. Org, Natural gas is the cleanest of all the fossil fuels, as evidenced in the Environments I Protection Agencys data comparisons in the chart below, which is still current as of 2010. Composed primarily of methane, the main products of the combustion of natural gas are carbon dioxide and water vapor, the same compounds we exhale when we breathe. However, they also state, One issue that has arisen with respect to natural gas and the greenhouse effect is the fact that methane, the principle component of natural gas, is itself a potent greenhouse gas. Methane has n ability to trap heat almost 21 times more effectively than carbon dioxide. As well as, The use of natural gas does not contribute significantly to smog formation, as it emits low levels of nitrogen oxides, and virtually no particulate matter. For this reason, it can be used to help combat smog formation in those areas where ground level air quality is poor. The natural gas industry Joined with the EPA in 1993 and here are some of the findings due to this relationship: In 1993, the natural gas industry Joined with EPA in launching the Natural Gas STAR Program to reduce methane emissions. The STAR program has chronicled dramatic reductions to methane emissions, since that time: EPA STAR data shows a reduction in methane emissions each year for the last 16 years More than 904 Billion cubic feet (Bcc) of methane emissions were eliminated through the STAR program 1993-2009; and In 2009 alone, the program reduced methane emissions by 86 Bcc. Thus the increased use of natural gas in the place of other, dirtier fossil fuels can serve to lessen the emission of greenhouse gases in the United States. I believe there should be a significant swing to improved natural gas use in the electricity sector. Cleaner natural gas vehicles need to be improved and engineered to become more cost effective. Industrial plants could use more natural gas to fuel their total systems instead of other, more polluting fossil fuels. If people would be concentrating on using more natural gas, it could reduce the emissions of smog surrounding the urban areas and would result in a cleaner and healthier air. I am fortunate enough to have a pellet-burning stove in the basement. This heats up the home in wintertime and will in effect make my home use less electricity and natural gas in the wintertime. There are numerous types of stoves available, but we use the pellet-stove as its combustion conditions offer a sufficient oxygen supply and high temperature. Most of the organic substances is burnt in the stove and does not emit ash or other chemical substances, as some wood stoves can. The fire is contained in a heat box, which exhumes minimal smoke and gives off less creosote, which is the flammable byproduct of combustion that can cause the chimney fires. The pellets are made from recycled materials and are heavily compressed the dry fuel crates more heat. This burn is hotter and cleaner than typical wood burning doves. A room needs an average of 5,000 Btu output from the stove per 200 square feet of space so we had to make sure to purchase a pellet-stove that would heat our home effectively. The disadvantages are the cost of the stove. It was a large start up cost to get the stove in the basement. The pellet bags come in 40 lbs so we needed to make sure we had to the extra storage space and we made sure the stove had a battery backup as the pellet stoves need a small amount of electricity to run the pellets through. If the electricity is not working, we will have a pellet stove for at least 8 hours due to the eatery backup. Colorado unnaturally NAS an area called Rocky Flats, which used to produce nuclear weapons from, 1952-1989. Officially, Rocky Flats was shut down for repeated safety violations. These violations were brought to the attention of the EPA and FBI in 1987. The extent of the contamination has yet to be revealed biblically. Rocky Flats was added to the Peas National Priorities List in 2000. That is when the cleanup efforts began and the site became a wildlife refuge area. Per Care 2 Make A Difference, (2013), Congress proposed that the site be transformed into a wildlife refuge. The cleanup was declared complete in 2005, although the levels of present contamination were not shown to the public. The Rocky Mountain Peace and Justice Center hired independent contractors to test the soil at Rocky Flats. These contractors were not permitted to test the soil, on site, so they tested the soil outside the fence line and they found that the level of plutonium contamination has not changed since the sasss. Their results also showed, Plutonium levels ranging from 0. 019-1. 579 Pico Curies per gram of soil. The typical level of background plutonium contamination in he Western US is usually no more than 0. 01 -so these are troubling findings. Per Moore and Dirtied Plutonium is forever (2013), Plutonium particles in the soil at Rocky Flats will one way or another, sooner or later, come into peoples lungs and lives, since, with a half-life of 24,000 years, it poses a radiation hazard essentially forever. Minute particles much smaller than germs get brought to the surface by burrowing animals, incautious humans, turbulent geology and extreme weather. Such particles can be carried near and far by the wind and inhaled by unsuspecting people, including children, the most vulnerable. Once inside the body, plutonium does its damage. The late Edward Martial, NCAR radio chemist, pointed out as early as 1970 that the radioactivity from plutonium dust particles at Rocky Flats is millions of times more intense than that from naturally occurring radioactive dust particles (uranium) of the same size. Minute amounts are sufficient to cause cancer. This is scary to me as how a government entity could let this damage happen in the first place. The US Fish and Wildlife Service, that run the refuge, say the soil contamination is not at unsafe level but they will not show any plutonium test results. How can they continue to not explain the dangers or to Just simply not tell the truth on this subject? My city of Thornton Colorado has used electricity, natural gas and wood burning stoves since the land was purchased and developed in 1953. In 1955, there were 5,500 residents in approximately 1,200 homes. The impact of these energy sources have not had any more damage than what has been stated previously, in this essay, to the city I live in. I can say that the City of Thornton has developed a Green Thornton Zone. The Green Thornton Zone has a motto, The City of Thornton is omitted to the wise and careful use of resources and to developing and maintaining low-waste policies wherever feasible. I like this policy and feel comfortable that my city is doing whatever possible to save the environment. I would recommend the City of Thornton use wind energy as a renewable energy source. Per Renewable Energy World. Com (2013), We have been harnessing the winds energy for hundreds of years. From old Holland to farms in the United States, windmills have been used for pumping water or grinding grain. Today, the windmills modern equivalent a wind turbine can use the winds energy to generate electricity. Wind turbines, like windmills, are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy. At 100 feet (30 meters) or more aboveground, they can take advantage of the faster and less turbulent wind. Turbines catch the winds energy with their propeller-like blades. Usually, two or three blades are mounted on a shaft to form a rotor. A blade acts much like an airplane wing. When the wind blows, a pocket of low- pressure air forms on the downwind side of the blade. The low-pressure air pocket then pulls the blade toward it, causing the rotor to turn. This is called lift. The force f the lift is actually much stronger than the winds force against the front side of the blade, which is called drag. The combination of lift and drag causes the rotor to spin like a propeller, and the turning shaft spins a generator to make electricity. I feel this energy would not only save the environment and it does not have nearly the environmental negative impact as coal or natural gas production does. With coal, being the worst I believe wind power would save the air, water and land we live on. It would take up land usage but wildlife could adapt to wind power much better than a coalmine. People in Thornton and all over Colorado have to realize what damage coalmines sites really do the environment. If the city adapted wind power energy as a source, they could show the residence what NRC (Natural Resources Defense Council) says, Wind power is an affordable, efficient and abundant source of domestic electricity. Its pollution-free and cost-competitive with energy from new coal- and gas-fired power plants in many regions. Every single organism known to man would benefit from this conversion and I personally do not understand why renewable energy is not used more efficiently.

Technology Siri for submission

Siri is many people’s new best friend. This voice recognition system has been a feature of iPhones since the iPhone 4s was introduced. Siri demonstrates a facility that puts most computer-resident voice recognition software to shame.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Siri for submission specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Siri software seems eerily to comprehend users in a way that some human listeners cannot even manage. The addition of this feature transforms the computer functions of an iPhone into something almost universally accessible. How this feature has been (nearly) perfected is a mix of technology and human skill. Siri consists of two separate technologies. There is the voice recognition part, and there is the voice-data-to-speech part. Both are awesomely complex. As quoted by the website of the Human Interface Laboratory at Washington University, voice recognition is â€Å"the techno logy by which sounds, words or phrases spoken by humans are converted into electrical signals† (Baumann). Then, â€Å"these signals are transformed into coding patterns to which meaning has been assigned† (Baumann). To recognize words from among all the sounds that humans make when they produce speech, the voice recognition software must use â€Å"speech unit extraction and concatenation† (Baumann). To accomplish this â€Å"Sentence and word units which maximize the weighted sum of linguistic likelihood, amount of information, confidence measure, and grammatical likelihood of concatenated units are extracted from the speech recognition results and concatenated for producing summaries† (Baumann). This translates to a complex amalgam of grammar, vocabulary, and lots of statistics. The voice production part of the system is, if anything, even more magical-seeming. The voice that comes out in the form of Siri actually sounds human, and it is, fundamentally. A live woman, and man, or perhaps more than one, recorded hundreds of spoken words and parts of words. She recorded them in different tones and rhythms to create the richest possible range of English speech. These sounds were then used as a sound bank from which to extract individual phonemes, or the smallest and shortest identifiable elements of speech (Anderson).Advertising Looking for essay on programming? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As described by Anderson, â€Å"Words and sentences are analyzed, catalogued, and tagged in a big database, a complicated job involving a team of dedicated linguists, as well as proprietary linguistic software† (Anderson). In the next step, a piece of software called a â€Å"text-to-speech engine† searches for sounds, in real time, to combine with other sounds (Anderson). These are strung together, as beads are on a string, to create novel words and sentences like â€Å"727 Sou th Warnock Street† or â€Å" the Lakers won by 2 points† when users need this information. The inclusion of Siri in an iPhone does more than make forgetting one’s grocery list a thing of the past. It adds safety when driving, and turns the hand-held device into a mobile business office. A user can generate all sorts of correspondence using the voice recognition function to dictate text. Using the iPhone’s accessibility settings for ‘speaking text’, a user can listen to almost anything on the screen read aloud. Siri seems to have even inspired a full-length movie – Her. The lonely protagonist falls in love with a sweet-voiced operating system that sounds suspiciously like Siri (IMDB). Admittedly, the artificial intelligence, and the relationship depicted are probably a few years away. However, many people are already very dependent on the way that Siri helps them connect to the internet, and to use their iPhones. Siri is also not the onl y voice in the marketplace. More and more pieces of equipment (for example, RSS readers) and other venues now are using some form of voice generation or voice recognition. Anderson notes that â€Å"Google, Apple, Microsoft, and even Amazon have all invested heavily in speech† (Anderson). Voice recognition and generation, whether in the form of Siri or some other software, is a welcome and useful part of users’ lives now. Works Cited Anderson, Lessley. â€Å"Machine Language: How Siri Found Its Voice.† 17 September 2013. The Verge. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Siri for submission specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Baumann, James. â€Å"Voice Recognition.† 2014. Washington University. Web. IMDB. â€Å"Her.† 2014. IMDB. Web. This essay on Technology Siri for submission was written and submitted by user Lila Page to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Political Science essays

Political Science essays The uses of politics and power vary widely throughout the world today. They have variety throughout history. Not all governments give power to the people, as our government does. In some nations, the freedom we enjoy every day is not permitted to anyone except a few rulers. In some countries, the government controls industries. In others, such as ours, private individual control industries, although there are government rules they must follow. In some countries, monarchs (such as kings or queens) may rule. In other countries a prime minister, president, or dictator may rule. There are many forms of government. Is one best? Here are a few of the forms of government most commonly found in existence in the world today: Republic: The term republic comes from the Latin words res publica. It means the thing of the people. A republic actually belongs to the people. It is a form of government in which the people elect the representatives who rule the country. The representatives are responsible to the people for the laws that are made. The people can reelect the representatives if they are pleased with the government. In most republics, the right to vote is held only by the citizens of the country. A republic is sometimes referred to as a representative democracy. Ancient Rome and Ecuador are two examples of republics. Democracy: In a democracy, like a republic, the people hold the ruling power. The difference is that the people rule directly in a democracy. The word democracy comes from two Greek words which together mean power of the people demos kratos. Instead of electing representatives to rule the government, citizens in a democracy meet to make laws and run the country themselves. (The idea of democracy began in the city-sates of Ancient Greece, particularly the city-state of Athens.) Today, there are few pure democr ...

The 3 Types of Cubicles

The 3 Types of Cubicles Ive worked in a menagerie of cube environments. The closely packed closet-sized bullpen, the waist-high pens, the shoulder-height screens, the office with an actual DOOR, the glorified conference room with an open plan. and at different times, I have made all of the choices discussed by Ceren Cubukcu over at PersonalBrandingBlog.So whats going on in your cube? Is it the image you want to project to your office?The Blank and Bare CubicleMaybe it is a haven of Zen-centered calm, maybe youre just on the quiet side, but also maybe youre a serial killer. Or as Ceren puts it much more nicely, a bare space may be sending the message that youre new, not planning to stay long, or halfway out the door already (impending departure is the only reason I have ever had a clean desk, ever).If  youre easily distracted, or prefer to keep your personal life separate- I get it! But perhaps  theres a picture or two you could hang up just to give your eyes somewhere to rest and reassure your neighbor that youre not a flight risk.The Fun CubicleThis was ALWAYS me. At once point, at my first job, I had an entire wall of Mets paraphernalia, a zen rock garden, a candy bowl that I had painted, a ninja turtle, two modern art calendars, a slinky, a couple of beanie babies, and pictures of my family, my cat, and the Manhattan skyline (which could be seen from any conference room window). At the time I thought it showed coworkers that I was fun and friendly and encouraged people to stop by and chat. Also it kept my easily distracted brain moving forward, somewhat counter-intuitively, by giving me things to fidget with.But in retrospect it also made me look immature and unfocused (plus, after a few months, the candy bowls presence was seriously compromised by the coffee breath of the office rambler). So by all means, make your desk a reflection of who you are- but a gentle, tasteful reflection.The Post-It Notes CubicleThis is the high-powered cube of a person with a plan. Or an action-pac ked schedule. Or a workaholism issue. To avoid a cube that looks like the shed of a conspiracy theorist, consider breaking up your organizational tools with more personal photos or restrict the planning to a whiteboard or bulletin board. There are also some great apps that may help you translate your paper clutter to digital clutter- and integrate it into your calendar too!

Role of community nurse Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Role of community nurse - Assignment Example This paper will discuss the roles of community nurses. Communities have unique health needs and require nurses who can disseminate relevant health information to different target groups in the community. Community nurses have been playing this role by interacting with different target populations in a community and providing them with relevant information and knowledge concerning different health issues, through the interactions with community members, community nurses assess and evaluate the health needs of the community members. Therefore, they are in a better position to offer the relevant advice and design intervention strategies in an effort to promote the health of the community. Community nurses engage in an active process of assessing health risks in a community and designing empowerment programs that can help communities address the health risks. Community nurses ensure that all the community members receive the healthcare they deserve in conformity to their needs (Hitchcock, Schubert, & Thomas, 2003). Most importantly, communi ty nurses have the opportunity to offer holistic care to the community because they interact with different individuals within their homes. Some specific activities carried out by the community nurses include the provision of support for patients with different conditions at home. Community nurses help patients take care of themselves and empower their carers as well. They help patients with practical guidelines on diet, lifestyle, and different types of medication. They help patients manage terminal illnesses without the admission into a hospital. Many people with terminal illnesses require emotional support and constant healthcare, especially in the last days of their lives. Community nurses help such patients by providing the reassurance they need to face each day. In other cases, community nurses

Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Global Economy - Essay Example However, based on the recent occurrence of the global recession in 2007-08, Bretton Wood organisations were rendered helpless for managing the monetary turbulence and also stabilise its primary nations such as the US and European countries (Krishnamurthy and Vissing-Jorgensen, 2008). The three primary Bretton Wood organisations are International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organisations and the World Bank (Hall et al. 2011). However, the influence of these organisations on the economical and financial transactions of national systems has often been criticised. This essay will mainly analyse these criticisms and also try to evaluate the need for the Bretton Wood system and organisation in the contemporary scenario. Hunt (2008) noticed that criticisms for the Bretton Wood organisations have been continuously focused on the approaches and regulations imposed on the underlying firms, institutions and countries. Obstfeld and Rogoff (2009) specified that the criticisms made for the Bretton Wood organisations can be mainly segmented into social and economic perspectives. Considering the economic or financial activities of the World Bank or IMF, often it has been noticed that Washington Consensus plays a big role in the description and design of loan conditions made by the Bretton Wood organisations. The Washington Consensus mainly focuses on the liberalisation of the national trade system of the nations and preventing the privatisation of the government segments. Krishnamurthy and Vissing-Jorgensen (2008) considered the utilisation of Washington Consensus as a barrier for the development of the global corporate industry. James (2012) reflected that as privatisation is increasing in the commerce and trade sector, the rules of the Bretton Wood institutions can prevent or slow down the growth of the global trade and commerce practices. Relating this statement with the concept of globalisation, it has to be considered that the policies of the Washington Consensus does not

Robert Frosts poem The Mending Wall Essay Example for Free

Robert Frosts poem The Mending Wall Essay Robert Frosts poem The Mending Wall may not seem to be a poem with a lot of meaning but if readers take time to listen to what the author has to say they will discover that it is talking about the basic relationships between people. The author is focusing on an inanimate object that separated two individuals even though it is nothing more than a little stone wall in the middle of a field. Something there is that doesnt love a wall, That sends the frozen-ground swell under it, And spills the upper boulders in the sun; And makes gaps even two can pass abreast The above selection of the poem shows how impersonal the wall is. There is no humanity associated with this object, nor is there any emotion attached to it. Even thought the object has no emotion itself, there is emotion directed toward it as we see in line 1 of the poem. There is something out in the world that doesnt like this wall. Not only does this relate the authors feelings about how it keeps objects separated, This feeling of animosity has gone so far that something has gone as far as to destroy sections of the wall. I have come after them and made repair Where they have left not one stone on a stone, But they would have the rabbit out of hiding, To please the yelping dogs, The gaps I mean, The author goes even further in his description of the emotions directed at the wall, and explains that other dislike the wall as well. Although they dislike it because it is helping to hide the quarry they are after. The hunters express this dislike of the wall but physically destroying the wall, they tear it down even though it is not their wall. This goes a long way at letting the reader understand that this poem is also about relationships between people. Often times others will attack a person to get something they want with little to no regard for the person that is being attacked. But at spring mending-time we find them there. I let my neighbor know beyond the hill; And on a day we meet to walk a line And set the wall between us again. This little wall goes a long way in effecting the authors relationship with his neighbor. They go out of their way to make repairs to this small stone wall, that really has no purpose other than to keep their lives separated. This purpose may seem like a small one but both individuals meet to make sure the wall stays standing and keeps their lives separate. They are meeting and interacting only because the thing that makes them comfortable with each other has fallen in to disrepair and needs to be erected again. My apple trees will never get across And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him He only says, Good fences make good neighbors. The author is trying to get past the barriers that people erect between themselves and the rest of the world in the above section. He tells his neighbor that even without the wall their lives will never interact with each others. Even with his insistence the other man makes sure that the wall will go up again. He is going to do everything he can to ensure that every facet of his life is separated from that of his neighbors. Why do they make good neighbors? Isnt it Where are the cows? But here there are no cows. Before I built a wall Id ask to know What I was walling in or walling out, Here the author is confused because once again he is trying to get past the barriers that keep people separated. The author doesnt feel like there is anything that needs to be separated, he would be able to understand it if there were some sort of object that might cross into his neighbors world, but there is no such object. The only thing to keep separated is the two worlds them selves. He will not go behind his fathers saying, And he likes having thought of it so well He says again, Good fences make good neighbors. Once again the neighbors grasp on an old tradition and saying are all that justify the wall being in existence. The neighbor cannot explain the reason for the wall, he just knows that it has always been there and it adds to his discomfort when there is a hole in the wall, or a section of it missing. The author finally gives up trying to penetrate the barrier between himself and his neighbor, and puts the wall back into place to once again keep their lived from mixing. The whole tone of this poem suggests that the author believes that people should have more interactions with one another and not hide behind thing. If we all stopped hiding behind these wall that we create we would have more time to devote to better pursuits â€Å"Mending Wall† is a poem that presents two opposing attitudes towards keeping barriers up between people. Each neighbor has a different opinion. One neighbor wants a visible line to separate their property lines and the other sees no reason for it. The poem implies a lack of security and trust one person may have towards another, even when it may not seem illogical or necessary. Each year the two neighbors meet annually at the adjoining wall. Both men walk the length of the wall to assess and repair the year’s wear and tear. Frost’ writing style invites the reader to probe the need for communication or, more precisely, the way people put up walls to create barriers between themselves. The visual imagery of the wall helps the reader to shift from just seeing the wall as a basic, natural setting to an abstract consideration of human behavior. In the first stanza of the poem it establishes the sense of mystery, a true color of atmosphere, â€Å"something† that does not want the wall to be there. Whatever it is, it’s a powerful force and it creates a â€Å" frozen ground swell† that disrupts the wall from underneath, forcing stones on top to tumble off. Damage appears each year so the neighbors walk along the wall to repair the gaps and fallen stones that have not been created by either of the two neighbors. Frost then gives the reader an uncertain question as to why should neighbors need walls anyway. Why do good fences make good neighbors? If one or both neighbors had cattle or something that could do possible damage then a fence would be reasonable. However, it is pointed out in the poem that there are no cattle. So, there must be some sort of human distrust between one of the neighbors. What is the distrust? Frost doesn’t let the reader know. Perhaps it is an age difference that results in extreme points of view or tradition. Or maybe there is a religious bias about the other. One neighbor wants to separate and possibly his family. The wall prevents the evil of indifference from entering. The phantom of discomfort seems to be kept in check by this rock structure. Frost gives us the impression that he doesn’t agree with separating people. The poem might have something to do with racism. Maybe one neighbor is black and the other is Caucasian. Perhaps one of the neighbors can’t deal with the difference in ethnicity therefore separates and creates a barrier. He gives a suggestion that good fences make good neighbors but that statement may be a friendly way of saying, â€Å"if I can create a visible way of keeping you away then we can get along because I can fend off your strangeness from me. Frost might be using the simplicity of a common object to allude to a prevalent human dilemma-fear of the unknown. The wall prevents investigation to confirm or negate our presumptions about others. Conversely, the hard, cold rock represents the extreme measures taken to preserve our ridged thinking. Using the tool of visual imagery, Robert Frost challenges the reader to travel deeper within to visit our own personal boundaries. A wall is a physical demonstration of isolating that which we do not wish to trespasses into our domain. I believe Frost wants the reader to question the implications for our emotional limitations. Who do we keep abbey and why? Even the civility of shared responsibility, the fixing of the wall, presents a pretense of cooperation and acceptance. Yet, the very act of repair denotes a willingness to keep distance the trend. It is arguable that the self-righteous speaker of Mending Wall is himself obsessively committed to wall building, far more intractably and instinctively committed than his clichà ©-bound neighbor. While the speaker of Mending Wall justifiably castigates his unthinking neighbor and is himself far more aware of the powers of language for good and for ill, he is nonetheless caught up, ironically perhaps, in the same actual task, wall building, which will have the same results and look no different from his neighbors contribution despite the narrative he brings to it. There are several possibilities for irony here, depending on the level of Frosts self-awareness. Wall imagery pervades his poetry, as a conscious poetic image and as a psychosexual marker of control and limitation. That the speaker is the one who calls the neighbor to mend the wall is vitally important, then, but it is not clear that Frost meant for the speaker to be ironically perceived as a hypocrite. The simple explanation, that the speaker acts out of a sense of inevitability, knowing his neighbors habits, seems hardly enough given the contextual symbolism of the wall in Frosts poetry; the psychological explanation attendant upon this version might suggest that Frosts conscious intent was subverted by his own unconscious need for walls. So while Frost might not mean the speaker to be self-parodic, the reader might judge that there is an ironic discrepancy between what is said and what is meant, both by the speaker and by the poet. On a deeper level even than this is the possibility that Frost was aware of, had taken account of and justified, his own need for barriers. One does, after all, need something against which to push. In this case, the poem might be completely unironic, for while both men are engaged in the same task, each brings a different narrative to it, the one limited to a thoughtless clichJ , the other enriched philosophically. It could be that Frost is illustrating what it means to move from delight to wisdom: the road less traveled may not look any different, but it is made different by the inner progress of the traveler. The one wall becomes, in this reading, two walls, the speakers wall a philosophically differentiated structure, the neighbors wall a mere landmark of past cliches.

Blindness and Sight - Sight Versus Insight in Oedipus the King (Oedipus

Sight Versus Insight in Oedipus the King      Ã‚  Ã‚   "Anyone who has common sense will remember that the bewilderments of the eye are of two kinds, and arise from two causes, either from coming out of the light or from going into the light,which is true of the mind's eye, quite as much as the bodily eye; and he who remembers this when he sees anyone whose vision is perplexed and weak, will not be too ready to laugh; he will ask whether that soul of man has come out of the brighter life, and is unable to see because unaccustomed to the dark, or having turned from darkness to the day is dazzled by excess light. And he will count the other one happy in his condition and state of being, and he will pity the other" (Plato, The Republic)    The paradoxical coexistence of blindness and insight is portrayed in Sophocles' Oedipus the King, in which Oedipus experiences a devastating yet redeeming realization that the "vision" he possesses is nothing but false pride and blindness. Suffering a complete reversal, Oedipus nevertheless maintains the fortitude to actively develop and endure intense suffering in order to attain extraordinary insight; deliberately grasping the kairos, Oedipus experiences a double bewilderment of the eye - both a physical blindness and, more ignificantly, a spiritual enlightenment, resulting from his "[h]aving turned from darkness to the day [to be] dazzled by excess light (Plato, The Republic).    "The eye is the lamp of the body. If your eyes are good, your whole body will be full of light. But if your eyes are bad, your whole body will be full of darkness. If then the light within you is darkness, how great is that darkness!" (Matthew 6:22-23).    Oedipus' "eyes are bad" and the dayli... ...ham: University Press of America, Inc: 1996. Hamilton,   Edith "The Collected Dialogues of Plato"   , Eds. Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns, 526-574. New York: Pantheon Books, 1961. Ignatius Holy Bible. Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1966. Knox, Bernard. Sophocles. The Three Theban Plays. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin, 1984. Regal, Charles. Oedipus Tyrannus: Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge. New York: Twayne, 1993. Sophocles. "Oedipus the King" Classics in World Literature. Ed by Wood, Kerry et. Al. Glenview, IL: Scott-Foresman, 1989. Marra, James L., Zelnick, Stephen C., and Mattson, Mark T.  Ã‚   IH 51 Source Book: Plato,   The Republic, pp. 77-106. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 1998. Plato. The Republic. Trans. Desmond Lee. 1955. 2nd ed. London: Penguin, 1987.

Letter of Apeal format

Dear Ms. Blenkiron: My name is Hai Van Le, and I have been a student here at ISHCMC for 9 years, and I am writing to you to appeal for a raise in awareness about discrimination in our middle school section. Throughout my years at ISHCMC, I have witnessed several cases of students discriminating against one another due to stereotypes from race and sex to personality. One thing I have experience almost on a daily basis is how groups of people of the same country and race all associate with each other, and hardly ever with ones outside of their circle – unless they have been asked to do so in class. I have heard my peers talk badly about people who might be homosexual, and I felt very unfair to those who were talked about in that manner. In every school (and ISHCMC is no exception), students frequently judge one's appearance and stereotype each other. From there on, it leads to all the social circles and the ones who are left out remain alone. I am aware of the fact that prejudices are unavoidable as they are formed unconsciously in everybody's minds, but I feel that our school should be more aware of this problem. I know that students are encouraged to work together with people who we don't know so well, people from different countries, people from the opposite genders, but those methods are often ineffective. I have seen people being called stereotypical names like nerd, loser, loner, emo etc†¦ and have been called names myself. Situations like these shows that students have been too occupied within their circle of friends and in their own minds. We don't think enough about others and are wrapped up in our own prejudices. Everything happens right in front of our eyes, but we have yet to do anything about it. I feel we need to raise more awareness around the school by holding programs about discrimination, make presentations, make posters, or just have some discussions about them in homeroom etc†¦ ISHCMC's school philosophy is to ‘provide a positive academic and caring social environment that emphasizes the development of the whole child, fostering individual ability within an intercultural community.' I hope that the school maintains its reputation of having a caring environment within an intercultural community as it has alleged to do so. If any plans of programs or projects are being held on the subject of discrimination or stereotypes, you can contact me at [email  protected] I appreciate the time that you have taken to read my appeal. Sincerely, Hai Van Le

Micro and Nanotechnology Adoption by the Pharmaceutical Industry Essay

Micro and nanotechnology is starting to show promise in the pharmaceutical industry. The two key questions in this field are ‘what is nanotech’ and ‘aren’t all drugs nanotech – after all, they are in the nano size range’. These can be answered fairly simply; Nanotechnology is where the nano-size of a substance affects its activity – the size placing the substance at the interface between quantum and material effects. The classic example to demonstrate these effects is that of gold nanoparticles. Bulk gold is insoluble and metallic-yellow in colour. However, once the gold is formulated as a nanoparticle it is soluble and the size of the particle determines its colour – from bright blue to vivid red. Two key areas where nanotechnology is showing promise in the pharmaceuticals industry are tools for drug discovery, and secondly in formulation and delivery systems. In the development of tools to support drug discovery, nanotechnology is developing a trend to move away from high throughput to high content screening, where greater information on fewer compounds is achieved. As our knowledge about drug-target interactions increases, it is becoming apparent that high-volume/low-content screening can miss extremely interesting interactions and effects. For example, SPR biosensors can detect a ligand binding step and measure the binding constants. But it cannot measure surface stresses caused by binding, which are an important factor for example in antibiotic efficacy against MRSA and VRE. Here nanomechanical cantilevers have been shown to be effective in providing extremely elegant information that can explain the difference between various drugs that appear to have the same binding kinetics.[i] The move to high content screening has been slow due to the large investments in high throughput screening laboratories and so new systems need to be compatible. However, where systems are compatible with these techniques – for example using 96 well plate platforms, adoption is possible. As a result, improvements and adoption is currently iterative, rather than revolutionary, but it is happening. With regards to nanotechnology in formulation and delivery science, there are a number of early adopters of nanotechnology in the pharmaceutical industry. Table 1 shows a number of types of nanoparticle formulations that are already approved for marketing. The full list of approved ‘nano-enabled’ products is very small and those that have made it to the market are generally reformulations of existing generic drugs. We are still awaiting the second-generation nanodrug, where the nano-effect is integral to the product activity. Nanotechnology appears to be following the classic technology adoption curve as shown in Figure 1. This shows the bell-shaped adoption curve for any technology, overlaid by the technology acceptance line. Nanotechnology appears to have passed through the hype and trough and is now starting to be slowly adopted. It appears that the problem for nanotechnology in formulation is one of risk. Companies need to get their products to market quickly to allow as much market exclusivity time as possible – not to recoup their investment, as this is a sunk cost, but to recoup the cost of developing future drugs, the cost of which is becoming ever more expensive. The Tufts Center for Drug Development estimated that the cost of bringing a single drug to market was in the order of $1.2 billion in 2008, compared to $802 million in 2000.[ii],[iii] Given these issues, companies won’t adopt new technology unless they know that the technology has a clear and fast route to approval. This is particularly poignant in drug formulation and other rate-limiting activities that occur post-patent filing. Once a patent is filed, the clock is ticking on the product’s life. If a product is going to be a $1billion a year blockbuster, lost revenues will be at least $2.7 million for every day a product is held from the market. This produces a catch 22 scenario; no-one will take the risk to demonstrate a new technology, especially if it is competing with existing and proven methods, so no-one will see a clear adoption path and use it. This is reminiscent of the fledgling biotech industry 15-20 years ago. Pharma was focussed on small molecules and didn’t want to risk bringing into their portfolio relatively unstable products, with complex manufacturing methods and which were without a clear regulatory pathway. Now however, many traditional large-pharma refer to themselves as biopharma companies and Amgen and Genentech (prior to the Roche purchase) are in the top twenty pharma by revenue. Early adopters, such as Abraxis and Elan, have started to clear a pathway to approval, but as yet no company has developed a true nanodrug – ie one which was conceived as a nano-enabled product from first principles as opposed to using nano-formulation on existing products. Nanotech has a lot to offer the pharmaceuticals industry and if it follows previous technology examples such as biotech, the successful early adopters will reap the rewards. It still has a number of hurdles to leap, such as a clear regulatory pathway and a demonstration of value above and beyond current technologies, before it can become mainstream. However, there are significant efforts by industry and governments to help it to jump the technology adoption gap quickly and ensure it can assist in developing the next generation of products that are needed to solve some of the significant unmet medical needs faced by patients and healthcare professionals. ———————– [i] Ndieyira, J. W. et al. Nanomechanical detection of antibiotic–mucopeptide binding in a model for superbug drug resistance. Nature Nanotech. 3, 691-696 (2008). [ii] Outlook 2008, Tufts Center for Drug Discovery (Available at http://csdd.tufts.edu/InfoServices/ OutlookReportsRequest.asp) [iii] Outlook 2000, Tufts Center for Drug Discovery (Available at http://csdd.tufts.edu/InfoServices/ OutlookReportsRequest.asp)

Free Essays on Law School

Law School – Journey of a Lifetime Perhaps one of the most difficult aspects of the practice of law is learning to be a lawyer. Virtually every new lawyer today is a graduate of law school, a much dreaded, but fulfilling journey to practicing law. Modern law schools differ greatly from their earlier counterpart, in that many more requirements and responsibilities exist. In colonial times, students pursuing a career in law would enter institutions for instruction of the law, and would automatically become qualified to practice law in the courts after a few years of study. Today, however, becoming a lawyer takes much more training, rigorous work and effort, and many years of studying in order to take a bar exam of which passage represents qualification. There is much more consideration concerning who is admitted, what kind of curriculums are taught, how exams are offered, what kinds affiliation exist, how much law schools differ from one another, and what it ultimately takes to be fully competent as a practicing attorney. What does it take to get into law school? Requirements for admission to any law school, whether Ivy League or otherwise, are extensive and seemingly difficult to obtain. Almost all law schools in the United States require a four-year college degree. Ivy League schools especially prefer college graduates from prestigious universities. Nonetheless, any law school will be more interested in applicants who rank in the top percentile of their class and present an outstanding grade-point average. Another major aspect considered of law school applicants is their score on the Law School Aptitude Test – â€Å"a half-day standardized test designed to measure the ability to understand and reason with a variety of verbal and quantitative materials† (Neubauer, 125). The raw score of the LSAT is on a scale ranging from 120 to 180. The LSAT consists of five multiple-choice sections with a total of about 101 questions. These sections... Free Essays on Law School Free Essays on Law School Law School – Journey of a Lifetime Perhaps one of the most difficult aspects of the practice of law is learning to be a lawyer. Virtually every new lawyer today is a graduate of law school, a much dreaded, but fulfilling journey to practicing law. Modern law schools differ greatly from their earlier counterpart, in that many more requirements and responsibilities exist. In colonial times, students pursuing a career in law would enter institutions for instruction of the law, and would automatically become qualified to practice law in the courts after a few years of study. Today, however, becoming a lawyer takes much more training, rigorous work and effort, and many years of studying in order to take a bar exam of which passage represents qualification. There is much more consideration concerning who is admitted, what kind of curriculums are taught, how exams are offered, what kinds affiliation exist, how much law schools differ from one another, and what it ultimately takes to be fully competent as a practicing attorney. What does it take to get into law school? Requirements for admission to any law school, whether Ivy League or otherwise, are extensive and seemingly difficult to obtain. Almost all law schools in the United States require a four-year college degree. Ivy League schools especially prefer college graduates from prestigious universities. Nonetheless, any law school will be more interested in applicants who rank in the top percentile of their class and present an outstanding grade-point average. Another major aspect considered of law school applicants is their score on the Law School Aptitude Test – â€Å"a half-day standardized test designed to measure the ability to understand and reason with a variety of verbal and quantitative materials† (Neubauer, 125). The raw score of the LSAT is on a scale ranging from 120 to 180. The LSAT consists of five multiple-choice sections with a total of about 101 questions. These sections...

Danka for Thank You, Bitteschön for Youre Welcome

Danka for Thank You, Bitteschà ¶n for You're Welcome Courtesy is important no matter what country youre visiting. In Germany, however, there is greater emphasis on formalities and speaking to people in die Hà ¶flichkeitsform:  addressing acquaintances, colleagues, and people you dont know with Sie as opposed to du/ you, which is reserved more for family and close friends.The same goes when expressing thank you and youre welcome in German. There is a more formal way and a less formal way of stating these expressions. Below you will find a list divided as such, however many expressions are fine in both situations since just simply stating thank you and youre welcome is polite in and of itself. The most important thing to keep in mind is to use Sie/Ihnen and du as appropriate. (Please note that the translations are not always literal, but rather an English equivalent.) More Formal Ways of Saying Thank You: Most common: Dankeschà ¶n, Danke sehr Other ways: Schà ¶nen Dank (Many thanks)Besten Dank (Best of thanks)Haben Sie vielen Dank! (Many thanks)Ich bin Ihnen sehr dankbar (Im very grateful/thankful to you)Ich danke Ihnen (I thank you)Herzlichen Dank (Heartfelt thanks)Ein herzliches Dankeschà ¶n (My/Our heartfelt thanks)Danke vielmals (Many thanks), Ich danke Ihnen vielmals Vielen Dank (Many thanks) Less Formal Ways of Saying Thank You DankeVielen Dank (Many thanks)Danke vielmals (Many thanks)Tausend Dank (Thanks a million) More Formal Ways of Saying Youre Welcome Bitteschà ¶n Bitte sehrGern geschehen (It was my pleasure)Mit Vergnà ¼gen (With pleasure) Less Formal Ways of Saying Youre Welcome Bitte Gern geschehen (It was my pleasure)Gern (shortened form of Gern geschehen)Nichts zu danken (Dont mention it.)Schon gut (Thats fine. No problem)Kein Problem (No problem) You may need some other words for polite conversation, including understanding how to say please in German.

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Assignment - Essay Example Uses of Standard Tender Document 8 f. Pre Disclosure of Relevant Information 8 g. Public Bid Opening 9 h. Evaluation of Tender in Monitory Terms 10 i. Qualification of Bidders on the Basis of Pass/ Fail Requirement 10 j. Award to the Lowest Evaluated Bidder Meeting the Stated Criteria 11 k. Accessible to Applicable Laws and Regulation 12 l. Appeal Mechanism 13 m. Standstill Period 13 n. Debriefing 14 o. Publication of Award 14 Bibliography 15 1. Introduction Public Procurement refers to the process of purchasing of goods and services on behalf of the public authority, through government agencies. Public procurement involves government expenditure that is aimed at securing inputs and resources in order to achieve objectives, hence establish a significant impact on the crucial key holders and the society. Besides, government purchasing occurs through both domestic and international trade. In fact, about ten to fifteen percent of the GDP involves government expenditure on procurement; t herefore, public procurement makes a significant contribution to the global economy1. Transparency has been considered an essential standard that facilitates improvement of public procurement; in fact, it involves a procurement process that is open for public scrutiny. Furthermore, this facilities competition, thereby increasing the efficiency of the process and the threat posed by issues such as corruption are alleviated. Transparency enables people to monitor public bodies, thereby holding these organizations accountable for their undertakings. The main objective of transparent public procurement is to facilitate fairness, competition and economic value in the process; this objective is achieved through effective and efficient procurement process that is developed by the principals monitoring the process. Apparently, sufficient controls are incorporated in order to promote competition, thereby reducing the risk associated with corruption, fraud, mismanagement and wastage of public resources. In this case, transparency is considered to be an effective tools aimed at hampering corruption and ensuring that there is value for money2. In addition, transparency is employed in different ways along with different practices such as advances publication of procurement plans, procurement policies are published, tender notices are advertised, the criteria for evaluation is disclosed, there are payment of prices and contract awards are published. a. Transparency Needed to Foster Competition International liberalization is applied in fostering competition among public procurement markets. Besides, competition can also be facilitated through participation in WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA)3. In this case, competition can be fostered in four different ways, which include provision of vehicles by GPA in order to facilitate progressive opening of parties to markets in order for the to engage in international competition. On the other hand, there are other provis ions that involve agreement focusing on offering information based on framework aimed that ensuring that the process is transparent4. Fostering competition involves signing agreements with GPA parties in order to facilitate establishment of domestic reviews and operations, where participants are allowed to challenge decisions that are deemed questionable. Therefore, decision made by national procurement authorities should be subjected to review by the competitors in order to avoid unfairness or discrimination. In addition, competition can

Organization Theory & Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organization Theory & Design - Essay Example The company has been able to sell its product on a worldwide basis, because the products are easy to use, and do the job that they are touted for, but the company's culture also spells professionalism. No company in the world that has accomplished as much as Dell has could do so in a 'fly by night' manner. This success speaks volumes for the company's leadership. The leadership, from top to bottom, is composed primarily of individuals much like Mike (and in this case not the one who can dunk a basketball). Observing these individuals through the company's website is a lot like looking at men, and a couple of women, who dress and portray the image of professionalism. Each, with few exceptions, is wearing a suit and tie, or similar fashions for the women, and conservative white shirts. Whether this perception is reality, or whether the leaders of the organization are truly as professional as they seem and if that professionalism carries over to the rest of the employees is a question that can, and cannot be answered by observing the company's website. The question can be answered if the professionalism of the website itself is an example of how the company is conducted and managed. This particular website is easy to navigate, has very few grammatical or spelling errors that would seem to imply an "I don't care' attitude, and with the website's professional look the impression that is created is one that Dell cares enough about how it is perceived that even such items as the website shows care and diligence. On the other hand, the website is only a picture of a certain segment of the organization itself, and even though it is a relatively clear and unambiguous picture, it could portray only what the company wishes to portray. That seems to be the less than likely scenario, although one that needs to at least be considered. Another telling factor in being able to discern a professional environment at Dell, is the massive amount of growth mentioned earlier in the paper. There is very little likelihood of one man creating a small company in 1983 and within less than 25 years watching that company grow to $50 billion in sales every year.There is very little likelihood of that happening unless, of course, there was a fair amount of professionalism found within the company. That type of environment feeds upon itself, with most individuals emulating those cohorts that they come in constant contact with. As new employees enter the scene, they tend to emulate what they see, adhere to the standards already set, and follow the guidelines (written or unwritten) that they perceive. Therefore; professionalism begats more professionalism, which begats more professionalism, and so on and so on. The environment then becomes a self-fulfilling proponent of success (at least in Dell's case). Much of this professional attitude must start from the top and filter down, which says a lot concerning Michael Dell and his executive staff. The executive staff and the leaders at Dell have control of the company and seem to realize what a responsibility that control is. By participating with other standards organizations as

Using Sports as a Key Promotional Vehicle. (Adidas) Essay

Using Sports as a Key Promotional Vehicle. (Adidas) - Essay Example Other areas that the marketing plan shall address include choosing a media through which to do the advertisement. Such media could be electronic media, print media or web as an online marketing media. The paper will also discuss developing of an advertisement schedule that will define when and how long the advert is running in case it is a live broadcast. It will also define a clear way through which the plan will be able to measure the effectiveness of the advertisement (Caskey, & Subirana, 2007, p. 670). This paper will also address ways in which to go about the components of strategic marketing plan such as mission, goals, product planning, and marketing information management. It will also analyze and discuss distribution system, pricing, promotion strategies, financing, and issues to do with purchasing. The marketing plan will also address concerns around risk management, actual selling, and internal communication systems for effective management and passing of information. The promotion plan will also discuss other administrative plans such as a timeline for implementing the promotion and appropriate intervals when the promotion will run. In order to achieve all these, the plan will first set mission and vision. Marketing in general presents an opportunity for any business to grow. Additionally, this In fact, how much a business does its marketing plan determines how much the business is going to benefit in terms of sales turnover. The Sports Promotion Plan for Adidas This market ing promotion is all about Adidas and its assorted sports products. Adidas aims at sponsoring Euro 2012 to market itself. To do this, Adidas Company must find out all the stadiums where teams will play. Using Porter’s Generic model, the promotional plan for the sports equipment that Adidas must first consider will be the need to concentrate on cost leadership strategy as put ward by Chowdhury (Chowdhury, 2005, p. 64). Under this model, Adidas will have to set its prices averagely low so that it can earn a share of the market in the short run as it anticipates other competitor such as Fila to respond. The first promotional strategy for Adidas will be to secure the sponsorship in part but as the leading sponsor. This will give Adidas the power to make sure that it has a say on how Euro 2012 is going to engage in advertisement. The most recommendable promotion means in the forthcoming Euro 2012 will be to inside stadium advertisement and television promotion of the event. It wil l be satisfactory if the business also sponsors referee t-shirts and other sports assortment that there may be, then the business can just maintain its positions as other firms experience decrease in sales (Daniel, 2003, p. 233). Mission and Vision Adidas mission for Euro 2012 is to be the leading supplier for all sports assortments to teams and fans. Its vision is to reach most parts of rural and urban Europe to campaign for increased interests in sports. Adidas is aware that such a campaign will translate into increased demand for its products during the Euro 2012. The post-match period could also be profitable from the new market acquired during the Euro 2012 sponsorship. Other goals for the industry could be making sure that at the back of receipts sold, the front design has Adidas name in the

Stream Of Consciousness Essay

Stream Of Consciousness Essay Stream of Consciousness is a literary technique which was pioneered by Dorthy Richardson, Virginia Woolf, and James Joyce. Stream of consciousness is characterized by a flow of thoughts and images, which may not always appear to have a coherent structure or cohesion. The plot line may weave in and out of time and place, carrying the reader through the life span of a character or further along a timeline to incorporate the lives (and thoughts)of characters from other time periods. Stream-of-consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in syntax and punctuation that can make the prose difficult to follow. Stream of consciousness and interior monologue are distinguished from dramatic monologue, where the speaker is addressing an audience or a third person, and is used chiefly in poetry or drama. In stream of consciousness, the speakers thought processes are more often depicted as overheard in the mind (or addressed to oneself); it is primarily a fictional device. The term was introduced to the field of literary studies from that of psychology, where it was coined by philosopher and psychologist William James. Dorothy Miller Richardson (17 May 1873 17 June 1957) was the first writer to publish an English-language novel using what was to become known as the stream-of-consciousness technique. Her thirteen novel sequence Pilgrimage is one of the great 20th century works of modernist and feminist literature in English. Throughout her career, Richardson published large numbers of essays, poems, short stories, sketches and other pieces of journalism. However, her reputation as a writer rests firmly on the Pilgrimage sequence. The first of the Pilgrimage novels, Pointed Roofs (1915) was the first complete stream of consciousness novel in English (Joyce had already started writing Ulysses), although Richardson herself disliked the term (May Sinclairs import), preferring to call her way of writing interior monologues. The development of this technique is usually credited to James Joyce and Virginia Woolf. The failure to recognise Richardsons role is partly due to the critical neglect of Richardsons writing during her lifetime. The fact that Pointed Roofs displayed the writers admiration for German culture at a time when Britain and Germany were at war may also have contributed to the general lack of recognition of the books radical importance. Richardson can also be read as a feminist writer, not because she overtly calls for equal rights for women but because her work quite simply assumes the validity and importance of female experiences as a subject for literature. The central character in Pilgrimage, Miriam, is a woman in search of her own full identity, which she knows quite clearly cannot be defined in male terms of reference. Richardsons wariness of the conventions of language, her bending to near breaking point of the normal rules of punctuation, sentence length, and so on, are means towards what she termed feminine prose, which she clearly saw as necessary for the expression of this female experience. Virginia Woolfs stream-of-consciousness style was influenced by, and responded to, the work of the French thinker Henri Bergson and the novelists Marcel Proust and James Joyce. This style allows the subjective mental processes of Woolfs characters to determine the objective content of her narrative. In To the Lighthouse (1927), one of her most experimental works, the passage of time, for example, is modulated by the consciousness of the characters rather than by the clock. The events of a single afternoon constitute over half the book, while the events of the following ten years are compressed into a few dozen pages. Many readers of To the Lighthouse, especially those who are not versed in the traditions of modernist fiction, find the novel strange and difficult. Its language is dense and the structure amorphous. Compared with the plot-driven Victorian novels that came before it, To the Lighthouse seems to have little in the way of action. Indeed, almost all of the events take place in the characters minds. James Joyce is celebrated as one of the great literary pioneers of the twentieth century. He was one of the first writers to make extensive and convincing use of stream of consciousness, a stylistic form in which written prose seeks to represent the characters stream of inner thoughts and perceptions rather than render these characters from an objective, external perspective. This technique, used in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man mostly during the opening sections and in Chapter 5, sometimes makes for difficult reading. With effort, however, the seemingly jumbled perceptions of stream of consciousness can crystallize into a coherent and sophisticated portrayal of a characters experience.

Solution to the Foreclosure Crisis Essay -- Foreclosures, USA,

How real is the mortgage foreclosure problem in America? How did it come about? What are some possible solutions? First of all, the problem is so big that almost everyone knows someone who lost their house because of a foreclosure, and this is new. It didn’t used to be that way. Listening to the stories of foreclosure evictions provides an eyewitness viewpoint of how it happened. This is important because it provides a background against which to decide solutions. The overhang of foreclosed homes for sale is pummeling home prices and laying waste to entire neighborhoods. In the process, consumer spending has suffered mightily and deepened the recession as Americans have seen the value of their most important assets, their homes, are falling in value. There were a lot of different factors that went into the development of the problem. There was buying a house that cost more than the people could afford, and there was taking on a mortgage payment that had monthly payments that were really high. There was the problem, too, of people who had no savings after they bought their house, so if anyone got sick or lost a job they couldn’t make their payments. Finally, experts are not sure of the solution to the foreclosure problem. They have thought about encouraging lenders to â€Å"renegotiate†. Renegotiation means sitting down and hammering out another agreement, maybe having the bank accept a lower mortgage payment and forgiving some of the balance. Banks tend not to want to do this because they think that if they just take back the property and sell it to someone else, they will not lose any money, but is that really true? And what are the advantages and disadvantages of renegotiation? We will consider each question in turn. First of... ... not have empty, vacant houses. Property taxes will continue to flow into government and everyone will have a win-win situation. WORKS CITED Adelino, Manuel, Kristopher Gerardi and Paul S. WIllen â€Å"Why Don’t Lenders Renegotiate More Home Mortgages? Redefaults, Self-Cures and Securitization.† Public Policy Discussion Papers. July6,2009 accessed Dec8,2009 http://www.bos.frb.org/economic/ppdp/2008/ppdp0904.htm. Carr, James H. Housing Policy Debate. Responding to the Foreclosure Crisis. Volume 18 Issue 4 2007. 837-860 Mills, Bart. â€Å"Residents Hang on To Homes†. The Lima News Dec 12,2009. Spader, Johnathan S. and Roberto G. Quercia. Mobility and Exit from Homeownership: Implications for Community Reinvestment Lending. HousingPolicy Debate volume 19 Issue 4. 2008. 675-709. Wikippedia. Foreclosure. Dec7,2009 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreclosure.

Direct & Indirect Leadership

Direct vs. Indirect Leadership The term leadership is a word taken from the common vocabulary and incorporated into the technical vocabulary, of a scientific discipline without being precisely redefined. As a consequence, it carries extraneous connotations that create ambiguity of meaning (Janda, 1960). Leadership has been described as the â€Å"process of social influence, in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task†. Social influence occurs when an individual's thoughts, feelings or actions are affected by other people, i. e†¦ onformity, peer pressure and socialization. (Wikipedia). The military definition of Leadership is influencing people—by providing purpose, direction, and motivation—while operating to accomplish the mission and improving the organization. Getting people to do what you want them to do. It is the means or method to achieve two ends: operating and improving. But there’s more to influencing than simply passing along orders. The example you set is just as important as the words you speak. And you set an example—good or bad—with every action you take and word you utter, on or off duty. Through your words and example, you must communicate purpose, direction, and motivation (FM 22-100 Chapter 1The Leadership Framework). Military leadership could be different from the rest of the world. Most corporations, companies and jobs are not bound by and oath, some may be. But what they do have in common, you don’t get to pick your leadership style. In the army you were sworn by an oath to defend the Constitution of the United States, against all enemies foreign and domestic so help you God and obey the orders of those appointed over you. In others words you didn’t have a choice, to pick what style of leadership you wanted. Most military leadership is a form of direct leadership. Generals communicate with field Commanders through teleconference, e-mails and speeches updating and talk about rules and regulation that effect their immediate command. Reinforcing, the army mission, its values and goals. Commanders are different they provide direct and indirect leadership, they are the one’s closet to the ground solider. Examples of direct leadership include formations, inspections and motor pool visits. They meet with their chain of command on a daily basis, to discuss and update them on changes to policies and regulation. Ensuring that all rules and regulation are being followed according to Department of Defense (DOD) and Uniform Code of Military Justice addressing all concerns and issues under their Chain of Command. Examples of more direct leadership include memos too change to policy, speaking at New Solider Orientation and before field training exercise. A form of indirect leadership by a CEO is called â€Å"cascading† (Bass, Waldman, Avolio, & Bebb, 1987; Waldman & Yammarino, 1999; Yammarino, 1994), occurs when the direct influence of the CEO on immediate subordinates is transmitted down the authority hierarchy of an organization (e. g. , from the CEO to middle managers, to lower-level managers, to regular employees. In this case the United States Army, through their promotion system. The Army is looking to retain, recruit and promote soldiers’ whose attitude, values (you’re vs. Army), military knowledge and appearance stack up against theirs through the promotion systems. Military Leadership Development Courses schooling design educate, reinforce the leader to achieve excellence. The Leader of Character and Competence Acts: Valves, Be, Know and Do. Values are Loyalty, Selfless Service and Integrity. Be: loyal, mental, physical and emotional strong. Know: Interpersonal, Technical and Tactical skills. Do: Influencing, through communicating and decision making. Operating, executing and assessing missions/training. Improving, through team building, developing and learning (FM 22-100 Chapter 1 The leadership Framework Fig 1-1). The type of leadership depends on the type of organizations that you are in or working for. One leadership style do not fit every situation. Strengths and Weaknesses Direct: Strengths: Everyone knows who’s in charge. Leaders or Managers has all the power, employees has very little input. Weakness: employees have no input, everything is enforce from the top down Employees may not take any initiative Indirect: Strengths: Employees can brainstorm come up with different ideas on how to accomplish the task/mission. Weakness: Could be time consuming, no one can agree on how to accomplish the task No one wants to accept responsibility

Artistic Nudity

Artistic censorship is the downfall of high school artwork. The classroom is being subjected to rules which limit the subject of students’ work. Censorship creates a naive and uneducated society, which in turn produces more and more generations of naive children. When a person puts their art out in the public to be judged, just that should happen. It should not be covered or hidden, censored or discarded. Art is impractically criticized based on its subject. It should be looked at as one person’s opinion, not a public’s fear.You are lying naked, exposed and vulnerable on a hard, uncushioned wooden floor. Your innermost feelings and opinions are painted out for the world to see; you can do nothing except accept the ruthless opinions of others. Exposing yourself to the public places an indescribable pit in your stomach. It puts you in the most defenseless of positions. Your beliefs are too radical. In turn, the common man suppresses them, and your vulnerability inc reases. You are shut down, pushed aside and hidden in a closet where you will sit to collect dust.Your opinions are there with you. They are unwanted by the outside world, and therefore, censored. Did you hear that dirty word just come out of your mouth? It was appalling; your mother would be ashamed of you. Censored. What were you thinking? Nothing should be censored. Nothing should sit pushed aside. It should all be out for the world to see, and to criticize. Your opinions, your artistic opinions, put into a tangible form should never, ever be hidden. Censorship is best defined as when an individual is forced to â€Å"suppress their own values, attitudes and beliefs. (Anderson and Garoian, 1996). It is the black rectangle that covers nudity, the obnoxious bleep that blocks out profanities and the curtain that discloses art work. In high school classrooms, the issue of art censorship has become increasingly prevalent in the last ten years. (Kushner, 1999). Educators, high school s taff members and community critics have begun to draw a line segregating what is acceptable and what is not. That line is continually getting tighter, meaning the level of acceptability is becoming more and more strict.Technology, warfare, politics and drug use are all maturing; with this, comes the maturity of high school students’ opinions. Then, in turn, comes advancing art: which many older (and often more conservative) people find shocking or offending. Art is created to appeal to or offend different interest groups. Artists intentionally compose their pieces to â€Å"challenge the assumptions of the audience [and] provoke reaction and discussion. † (Anderson and Garoian, 1996). Provocation is the one and only reason to ever create a piece of art.If, for any reason, this provocation is censored, it depletes the entire artistic background of a work of art. Art without meaning is simply decoration. In the classroom, suppression is forcing art to fit into a square bo x, â€Å"devoid of all values. † (Garoian and Anderson, 1996). Radical viewpoints are by far the most effective way for an artist to gain attention from an audience. When these viewpoints are unable to be viewed, people are no longer attracted to art. Censorship eliminates public interest in art and increases the naivety of a society.All over the country and more so all over the world, people are afraid of new ideas. They are afraid of encountering real, exposed-to-the-bone artistic nudity. This fear embeds itself in our entire culture, forcing censors to eliminate things we supposedly don’t want to see. Simply eliminating things that are different creates a very innocent society. Without being exposed to new things, we become victims of the censors, and that is never a good thing. So as the future progresses, my art work will continue to push past the black censor bar.