The Relationship Between Locke And Rousseau On Human Nature

INTRODUCTION. This essay is aimed at discussing how human nature in Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau impact the way that the role and function of the state is viewed. Human Nature is referred to as the essential and immutable character of all human beings. Others may refer to it as the biological or genetic factor suggesting that there is an established and unchanging human core. It highlights what is innate and natural about human life, as opposed to what human beings have gained from education or through social experience. A social contract is an agreements made either among citizens or between citizens which gives rise to the State. When the social contract involves the mutual agreement between individuals in order to gain something from the†¦show more content†¦Hobbes believes that after human beings acquire the power they want, they begin to have other desires like fame, glory, sensual pleasure and admiration from others. Hobbes believed that humans live in a society of constant civil war - everyman against everyman He believed that humans were driven by non-rational appetites and, most important, instincts. Hobbes believed that all human beings were created equally. Hobbes imagined that every human was ready to kill a fellow human besides one being stronger than the other, the coward may be balanced by his intellect or some other personal characteristic. He believed that a motive for humans was to gain power, and when two or more humans come in conflict for the same thing, they became rivals and were ready to fight each other. He said that there were basic causes for war, competition, distrust and glory. In each case, humans used cruelty to conquer each other’s areas for their self-benefit, safety, or glory. He said that without a natural influence to bring people together, humans would be in a war of every man against every man provided the appetite to fight is known. He believed that conflict was the natural state of human beings and that peace was fabricated because it only existent based on beneficial mutual consensus agreements. If a group of people felt like wise interests, they would unite to form a stronger power in order to demol ish people with opposite

United States Loss to Vietnam Essays - 1033 Words

United States Loss to Vietnam There were many reasons for the USAs loss in the Vietnam War. There is no singular reason for the USAs loss; instead there are many, and each of these contributes to the end result. Some historians believe that the USA didnt lose the war at all. The USA first invaded Vietnam on the 8th March 1965, with the first 3,500 US marines landing on Vietnam soil, this seemingly small amount of troops would mass to 525,000 in 1967. America first involved themselves in Vietnam because of the Policy of Containment in this policy it made it clear that the USA was to stop the spreading of communism. The Domino theory was also a persuasive element. It suggested in the Domino†¦show more content†¦The Search-and-destroy operations undertaken by the US meant that many innocent civilians were killed which also helped to increase the un-popularity of the South Vietnam regime. Many of the Vietcong hid in villages and the US troops didnt know civilian from VC You never knew who was the enemy an d who was the friend. They all looked alike. They all dressed alike. They were all Vietnamese. Some of them were Vietcong. - Source F. An Extreme example of this is the My Lai Massacre We were firing before we hit the ground, we fired into the huts all we could. Then we burned the huts - Source H. Bombing usually had the opposite effect to what the US desired. The Intense bombing campaign, Operation Rolling Thunder, was mainly directed at the jungle to stop the Vietcong gaining routes to the South through the Ho Chi Min trail. This was largely in effective and until the introduction of chemical weapons. Even the chemical weapons meant the US were not gaining favor as the chemicals they used often meant long-term damage to the communities and also with other chemicals (mainly napalm) serious injury. Diem made himself un-popular in many ways towards the population. Diem made a corrupt government putting many Roman Catholics in power although they were a small majority ofShow MoreRelatedThe Vietnam War : A Great Loss For The United States1696 Words   |  7 PagesConsidered a great loss for the United States, the Vietnam War claimed thousands of U.S. lives. Throughout the power struggles, warfare, and lost lives, Francis â€Å"Frank† Horsting unloaded supply ships on the beaches of Vietnam. Drafted at the age of twenty, Frank traveled to Fort Knox in Kentucky before he set off for Vietnam. Along the way he sent a gift to his wife, Rebecca; this gift, a twelve-piece set of Noritake brand china, will forevermore hold a spot in Frank Horsting’s family as it tricklesRead MoreThe Vietnam War Was A Great Loss For The United States2250 Words   |  9 Pageswars in which many lives have been lost and a huge impact has been made upon the United States of America. The Vie tnam War was a great loss for the United States and many times it is also called The Resistance War against America. This war was fought between North Vietnam which fought alongside the Soviet Union, China and other communist groups and the government of South Vietnam who fought alongside the United States and other anti-communist nations and groups. The Viet Cong were also known as theRead MoreThe Vietnam War1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the Vietnam War, was to end the awful spread of communism. As Ho Chi Minh (North Vietnam’s communist president) fought to which spread North Vietnam’s political uses to Southern Vietnam. With this, the American Military Advisors sought to believe that a fall of Southern Vietnam to communist hands, would then lead to a total takeover of neighboring nations to fall under communism. The effect of the neighboring nations falling, was known as the â€Å"Domino Effect†. It all began when TheRead MoreThe Vietnam War On South Vietnam1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vietnam War started on the first day of November in 1955. The main opponents were the United States and South Vietnam against North Vietnam and the Vietcong. The Americans wanted to contain communism in fear of it spreading to other countries while the North Vietnamese wanted to unite both parts of Vietnam. At f irst, the Americans only trained South Vietnamese troops to do all of the fighting while the North Vietnamese employed the Vietcong to help their military take over South Vietnam. DespiteRead MoreWhy Did the United States Lose in Vietnam? Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States intervention in Vietnam is seen by the world as America’s greatest loss and longest war. Before the start of the war in Vietnam, the thought of the United States losing this war was unheard of because America was technologically superior, no country in south East Asia could contend with them. Lyndon B. Johnson announced that he would not be the president to allow South East Asia to go Communist . Why the United States lost the war has been a huge debate since the end of the warRead MoreWhy Did The United States Lose The War Of Vietnam? Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesdid the United States lose the war in Vietnam? Could the US have won? Before the Vietnam War, the United States had never lost a war. The military of the United States had grown to be one of the largest in the world. The post WWII boom boosted America’s economy to be the largest in the world, occupying 38.6% of the world GDP in the 1960 . Yet with all of its military and economic might, the United States could not defeat an insurgency seeking control of a third world country. The United States didn’tRead MoreThe Vietnam War And The Soviet Union1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War During the Vietnam War, United States involvement was for personal reasons and fear of communism. Neither the United States or the Soviet Union should have been involved. The War was just used as a cover up for the actual silent, passive aggressive war between the United States and the Soviet. The Vietnam war was started by the North â€Å"Viet Cong† and their desire to unify Vietnam under communist rule. The South was against communism, making tensions grow until eventually, a war brokeRead MoreUs Foreign Policy Essay865 Words   |  4 Pageseffective is because America has committed itself to supporting alliances that have not proven to be mutually beneficial. Foreign assistance, which is supposed to improve the well-being of recipient countries, goes directly to small coalitions. The United States, with the fear of losing its position on the global stage, has committed itself to the conundrum of regime change which often produces little result. Countries receiving foreign aid and military assistance have no incentives to build an effectiveRead MoreVietnam And The Vietnam War1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War was probably one the most infamous war in the history of the United States. Vietnam was divided into North and South Vietnam as a result of the Indochina War. North Vietnam belonged to the Communists and its allies after World War II and South Vietnam belonged to the anti-Communist supporters and their allies (the U.S was one of South Vietnam’s allies). It all started as an effort by America to keep South Vietnam away from Communism. Americans feared that if South Vietnam adaptedRead More How Can They Succeed?1034 Words   |  5 Pagesis behind him.† In the Vietnam War, many official soldiers and civilians took part in the combat. It started from December 1956 to 1975, nearly 20 years, in Vietnam. The Vietnam War was a war between North Vietnam and government of South Vietnam that United States participated and supported. It was a highlight in Vietnamese history and United States history also which was recorded, commented, discussed, debated in many books, journals and articles. In the South of Vietnam, there was a political organization

Colorado and Its Energy Sources free essay sample

I am lucky enough to live in the beautiful state of Colorado. Colorado has an extensive supply of conventional fossil fuel and renewable energy resources. Per EIA (Energy Information Administration) 2009, The State contains several fossil fuel-rich basins, including the Sand Walsh, Eyepiece, Paradox, and San Juan basins in the west, and the Denver and Orator basins in the east. Ten of the Nations 100 largest natural gas fields and three of its 100 largest oil fields are found in Colorado. Substantial deposits of bituminous, sub bituminous, and lignite coal are also found in the State. In the house that I live in Thornton Colorado, our primary types of energy are electricity, natural gas as well as a pellet-burning stove for the winter. Electricity is the foundation of the energy usage in Thornton. Per EIA, Coal- and natural gas-fired power plants dominate electricity generation in Colorado. Coal-fired plants account for over seven-tenths of the States generation and natural gas-fired plants account for close to one-fourth. We will write a custom essay sample on Colorado and Its Energy Sources or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Colorado produces coal from both underground and surface mines, primarily in its western basins, and large quantities of coal are shipped into and out of the State by rail. Colorado uses about one-fourth of its coal output and transports the remainder to markets throughout the United States. Colorado also brings in coal, primarily from Wyoming, to supplement local production. The earliest coalmine, The Denver Basin Orator Basin coalmine is inactive but Colorado does have 11 active mines. Most of them are located in western Colorado and per CAM (Coal Mining Association), The Total Value of Coal Produced in Colorado in 2011 is estimated to be $1. 1 Billion. While the monies these coalmines produce are a huge factor in Colorado economy the damage on the environment, Hess mines produce, are they worth the environmental damage in the end? I agree Barbara Frees when she states, The mundane mineral that built our global economy and even today powers our electrical plants has also caused death, disease, and environmental destruction. Per The World Coal Association, Coal mining, particularly surface mining requires large areas of land to be temporarily disturbed. This raises a number of environmental challenges, including soil erosion, dust, noise and water pollution, and impacts on local biodiversity. Not only is the current coal mining industry endangering the environment in Colorado the abandoned mines are destroying the environment as well. It is a known fact that coal production requires large quantities of water. Colorado has an abundance of lakes and streams but coal mining affects the natural marine and land-based wildlife. Not to mention the people who use these water resources. Coal mining can lead to heavy metals like lead and arsenic entering these precious water recourses. Even though there has not been a resent case, in Colorado, of arsenic or lead poisoning, from coalmines, They can produce enough contamination o causes a rapid and unique destruction of red blood cells and may result in kidney failure, which is uniformly fatal without proper therapy. Most cases of arsine poisoning have occurred with the use of acids and crude metals of which one or both contained arsenic as an impurity. Per the EPA (2011) The coalmines in Colorado also contribute to the air pollution crisis . Per Learner (2013), The process of burning coal for energy produces greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants, including carbon dioxide, mercury compounds, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Per unit of electricity, coal produces more pollution than any other eel source, according to the U. S. Environmental Protection A gency. In addition, all steps of coal energy production mining, transportation and cleaning produce greenhouse gas emissions. Coal contains methane, a combustible and potent greenhouse gas. Methanes global warming potential is 23 times greater than carbon dioxide. For safety reasons, methane vents into the atmosphere during coal processing. Denver, the capital of Colorado, has been notorious for its winter Brown Cloud starting in the sasss. The Brown Cloud was formed due to a combination of carbon dioxide, mercury compounds as well as other pollution sources. Per Colorado Air Pollution Control Division, 2008 National Emissions Inventory estimates that 50 percent of CO emissions are from highway vehicle sources. They also estimate that off highway sources contribute an additional 23 percent of emissions. Denver is located at the foot of the Rocky Mountains and Steve Spangles (2011) states, this location makes it prone to temperature inversions in which warm air traps cooler air near the ground, preventing pollutants from rising into the atmosphere. Thus the Brown Cloud formed. The city of Thornton is located 10 miles north of Denver. Thornton has shared in this horrible air quality called Brown Cloud. But the good news is coming from Alpine/Environs report for Colorado 2011, Colorado coal- fueled power plants have reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides by 30 percent since 1999, compared with an average 8 percent reduction for all other sources. Coal- based electric generation accounted for 9 percent of the Colorado total ozone- related emissions in 2011. The Alpine Geophysics/Environ report also documents the significant reductions since 1999 in emissions contributing to fine particulates sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (Voss) and direct PM emissions. Colorado coal-based electric utilities have reduced these PM-related emissions by 43 percent since 1999, the largest reduction among all major source categories. Per Colorado Mining (2013), Steps are taken in modern mining operations to minimize impacts on all aspects of the environment. By carefully pre-planning projects, implementing pollution control measures, monitoring the effects of mining and rehabilitating mined areas, the coal industry minimizes the impact of its activities on the neighboring community, the immediate environment and on long- term land capability. I certainly hope this will come to fruition. These figures are staggering to me. My home usage of electricity last month for four people was 535 kilowatt hours used. Per The US Census (2010), there are 43,230 homes in Thornton. If the whole city used the same amount of electricity here is the calculation of the kilowatt hours the city would use in a year. 535 kilowatt hour x 12 months = 6,420 kilowatt hours per household a year 6,420 kilowatt hours per household x 12 months = 277,536,600 kilowatt hours are used per year in the City of Thornton. Natural gas is an extremely important source of my communitys energy. Per Natural Gas. Org, Natural gas is the cleanest of all the fossil fuels, as evidenced in the Environments I Protection Agencys data comparisons in the chart below, which is still current as of 2010. Composed primarily of methane, the main products of the combustion of natural gas are carbon dioxide and water vapor, the same compounds we exhale when we breathe. However, they also state, One issue that has arisen with respect to natural gas and the greenhouse effect is the fact that methane, the principle component of natural gas, is itself a potent greenhouse gas. Methane has n ability to trap heat almost 21 times more effectively than carbon dioxide. As well as, The use of natural gas does not contribute significantly to smog formation, as it emits low levels of nitrogen oxides, and virtually no particulate matter. For this reason, it can be used to help combat smog formation in those areas where ground level air quality is poor. The natural gas industry Joined with the EPA in 1993 and here are some of the findings due to this relationship: In 1993, the natural gas industry Joined with EPA in launching the Natural Gas STAR Program to reduce methane emissions. The STAR program has chronicled dramatic reductions to methane emissions, since that time: EPA STAR data shows a reduction in methane emissions each year for the last 16 years More than 904 Billion cubic feet (Bcc) of methane emissions were eliminated through the STAR program 1993-2009; and In 2009 alone, the program reduced methane emissions by 86 Bcc. Thus the increased use of natural gas in the place of other, dirtier fossil fuels can serve to lessen the emission of greenhouse gases in the United States. I believe there should be a significant swing to improved natural gas use in the electricity sector. Cleaner natural gas vehicles need to be improved and engineered to become more cost effective. Industrial plants could use more natural gas to fuel their total systems instead of other, more polluting fossil fuels. If people would be concentrating on using more natural gas, it could reduce the emissions of smog surrounding the urban areas and would result in a cleaner and healthier air. I am fortunate enough to have a pellet-burning stove in the basement. This heats up the home in wintertime and will in effect make my home use less electricity and natural gas in the wintertime. There are numerous types of stoves available, but we use the pellet-stove as its combustion conditions offer a sufficient oxygen supply and high temperature. Most of the organic substances is burnt in the stove and does not emit ash or other chemical substances, as some wood stoves can. The fire is contained in a heat box, which exhumes minimal smoke and gives off less creosote, which is the flammable byproduct of combustion that can cause the chimney fires. The pellets are made from recycled materials and are heavily compressed the dry fuel crates more heat. This burn is hotter and cleaner than typical wood burning doves. A room needs an average of 5,000 Btu output from the stove per 200 square feet of space so we had to make sure to purchase a pellet-stove that would heat our home effectively. The disadvantages are the cost of the stove. It was a large start up cost to get the stove in the basement. The pellet bags come in 40 lbs so we needed to make sure we had to the extra storage space and we made sure the stove had a battery backup as the pellet stoves need a small amount of electricity to run the pellets through. If the electricity is not working, we will have a pellet stove for at least 8 hours due to the eatery backup. Colorado unnaturally NAS an area called Rocky Flats, which used to produce nuclear weapons from, 1952-1989. Officially, Rocky Flats was shut down for repeated safety violations. These violations were brought to the attention of the EPA and FBI in 1987. The extent of the contamination has yet to be revealed biblically. Rocky Flats was added to the Peas National Priorities List in 2000. That is when the cleanup efforts began and the site became a wildlife refuge area. Per Care 2 Make A Difference, (2013), Congress proposed that the site be transformed into a wildlife refuge. The cleanup was declared complete in 2005, although the levels of present contamination were not shown to the public. The Rocky Mountain Peace and Justice Center hired independent contractors to test the soil at Rocky Flats. These contractors were not permitted to test the soil, on site, so they tested the soil outside the fence line and they found that the level of plutonium contamination has not changed since the sasss. Their results also showed, Plutonium levels ranging from 0. 019-1. 579 Pico Curies per gram of soil. The typical level of background plutonium contamination in he Western US is usually no more than 0. 01 -so these are troubling findings. Per Moore and Dirtied Plutonium is forever (2013), Plutonium particles in the soil at Rocky Flats will one way or another, sooner or later, come into peoples lungs and lives, since, with a half-life of 24,000 years, it poses a radiation hazard essentially forever. Minute particles much smaller than germs get brought to the surface by burrowing animals, incautious humans, turbulent geology and extreme weather. Such particles can be carried near and far by the wind and inhaled by unsuspecting people, including children, the most vulnerable. Once inside the body, plutonium does its damage. The late Edward Martial, NCAR radio chemist, pointed out as early as 1970 that the radioactivity from plutonium dust particles at Rocky Flats is millions of times more intense than that from naturally occurring radioactive dust particles (uranium) of the same size. Minute amounts are sufficient to cause cancer. This is scary to me as how a government entity could let this damage happen in the first place. The US Fish and Wildlife Service, that run the refuge, say the soil contamination is not at unsafe level but they will not show any plutonium test results. How can they continue to not explain the dangers or to Just simply not tell the truth on this subject? My city of Thornton Colorado has used electricity, natural gas and wood burning stoves since the land was purchased and developed in 1953. In 1955, there were 5,500 residents in approximately 1,200 homes. The impact of these energy sources have not had any more damage than what has been stated previously, in this essay, to the city I live in. I can say that the City of Thornton has developed a Green Thornton Zone. The Green Thornton Zone has a motto, The City of Thornton is omitted to the wise and careful use of resources and to developing and maintaining low-waste policies wherever feasible. I like this policy and feel comfortable that my city is doing whatever possible to save the environment. I would recommend the City of Thornton use wind energy as a renewable energy source. Per Renewable Energy World. Com (2013), We have been harnessing the winds energy for hundreds of years. From old Holland to farms in the United States, windmills have been used for pumping water or grinding grain. Today, the windmills modern equivalent a wind turbine can use the winds energy to generate electricity. Wind turbines, like windmills, are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy. At 100 feet (30 meters) or more aboveground, they can take advantage of the faster and less turbulent wind. Turbines catch the winds energy with their propeller-like blades. Usually, two or three blades are mounted on a shaft to form a rotor. A blade acts much like an airplane wing. When the wind blows, a pocket of low- pressure air forms on the downwind side of the blade. The low-pressure air pocket then pulls the blade toward it, causing the rotor to turn. This is called lift. The force f the lift is actually much stronger than the winds force against the front side of the blade, which is called drag. The combination of lift and drag causes the rotor to spin like a propeller, and the turning shaft spins a generator to make electricity. I feel this energy would not only save the environment and it does not have nearly the environmental negative impact as coal or natural gas production does. With coal, being the worst I believe wind power would save the air, water and land we live on. It would take up land usage but wildlife could adapt to wind power much better than a coalmine. People in Thornton and all over Colorado have to realize what damage coalmines sites really do the environment. If the city adapted wind power energy as a source, they could show the residence what NRC (Natural Resources Defense Council) says, Wind power is an affordable, efficient and abundant source of domestic electricity. Its pollution-free and cost-competitive with energy from new coal- and gas-fired power plants in many regions. Every single organism known to man would benefit from this conversion and I personally do not understand why renewable energy is not used more efficiently.

Technology Siri for submission

Siri is many people’s new best friend. This voice recognition system has been a feature of iPhones since the iPhone 4s was introduced. Siri demonstrates a facility that puts most computer-resident voice recognition software to shame.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Siri for submission specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Siri software seems eerily to comprehend users in a way that some human listeners cannot even manage. The addition of this feature transforms the computer functions of an iPhone into something almost universally accessible. How this feature has been (nearly) perfected is a mix of technology and human skill. Siri consists of two separate technologies. There is the voice recognition part, and there is the voice-data-to-speech part. Both are awesomely complex. As quoted by the website of the Human Interface Laboratory at Washington University, voice recognition is â€Å"the techno logy by which sounds, words or phrases spoken by humans are converted into electrical signals† (Baumann). Then, â€Å"these signals are transformed into coding patterns to which meaning has been assigned† (Baumann). To recognize words from among all the sounds that humans make when they produce speech, the voice recognition software must use â€Å"speech unit extraction and concatenation† (Baumann). To accomplish this â€Å"Sentence and word units which maximize the weighted sum of linguistic likelihood, amount of information, confidence measure, and grammatical likelihood of concatenated units are extracted from the speech recognition results and concatenated for producing summaries† (Baumann). This translates to a complex amalgam of grammar, vocabulary, and lots of statistics. The voice production part of the system is, if anything, even more magical-seeming. The voice that comes out in the form of Siri actually sounds human, and it is, fundamentally. A live woman, and man, or perhaps more than one, recorded hundreds of spoken words and parts of words. She recorded them in different tones and rhythms to create the richest possible range of English speech. These sounds were then used as a sound bank from which to extract individual phonemes, or the smallest and shortest identifiable elements of speech (Anderson).Advertising Looking for essay on programming? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As described by Anderson, â€Å"Words and sentences are analyzed, catalogued, and tagged in a big database, a complicated job involving a team of dedicated linguists, as well as proprietary linguistic software† (Anderson). In the next step, a piece of software called a â€Å"text-to-speech engine† searches for sounds, in real time, to combine with other sounds (Anderson). These are strung together, as beads are on a string, to create novel words and sentences like â€Å"727 Sou th Warnock Street† or â€Å" the Lakers won by 2 points† when users need this information. The inclusion of Siri in an iPhone does more than make forgetting one’s grocery list a thing of the past. It adds safety when driving, and turns the hand-held device into a mobile business office. A user can generate all sorts of correspondence using the voice recognition function to dictate text. Using the iPhone’s accessibility settings for ‘speaking text’, a user can listen to almost anything on the screen read aloud. Siri seems to have even inspired a full-length movie – Her. The lonely protagonist falls in love with a sweet-voiced operating system that sounds suspiciously like Siri (IMDB). Admittedly, the artificial intelligence, and the relationship depicted are probably a few years away. However, many people are already very dependent on the way that Siri helps them connect to the internet, and to use their iPhones. Siri is also not the onl y voice in the marketplace. More and more pieces of equipment (for example, RSS readers) and other venues now are using some form of voice generation or voice recognition. Anderson notes that â€Å"Google, Apple, Microsoft, and even Amazon have all invested heavily in speech† (Anderson). Voice recognition and generation, whether in the form of Siri or some other software, is a welcome and useful part of users’ lives now. Works Cited Anderson, Lessley. â€Å"Machine Language: How Siri Found Its Voice.† 17 September 2013. The Verge. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Siri for submission specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Baumann, James. â€Å"Voice Recognition.† 2014. Washington University. Web. IMDB. â€Å"Her.† 2014. IMDB. Web. This essay on Technology Siri for submission was written and submitted by user Lila Page to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.